Range of motion is determined by a few factors such as bone structure and surface within the joint, the joint capsule, the tendons and ligaments, point of insertion and origin of the muscles acting upon the joint and tightness of the muscles. there are three types of range of motion. They are as follows:
THREE TYPES OF RANGE OF MOTION (ROM)
Passive
Passive ROM is movement that is applied to a particular joint manually by another person or object. This is also known as partner stretching. During passive range of motion, the joint is relaxed while an outside force moves the bodypart. such as when the leg is lifted throughout the available range of motion while laying on the back. Passive range of motion is used by physical therapists and personal trainers.
Active
Active ROM is movement of a joint with no outside assistance but rather by the individual during exercise. This is what we focus on during strength training exercises. Active ROM increases muscular development, tendon and ligament strength as well as flexibility. Active Assists Active Assists ROM is when a joint receives partial assistance from an outside force. This may be the result of a person exercising through the majority of motion and another person or machine applying force to assist through the full range.
Active Assists
Active Assists are more progressive with the individual person working through the joints range of motion with the assistance of a physical therapist, personal trainer or use of a strap or band. This is also known as partner stretching or PNF stretching. Increasing range of motion with these exercises should be gradual and progressive.
By exercising the using full range of motion at the specific joints being used you will develop the muscle more effectively. Using partial range of motion during exercises for a prolonged period may decrease range of motion, cause stiffness and postural alignment issues. By engaging in a flexibility program as well, you can increase your range of motion and flexibility. This becomes important as we become older and everyday tasks such as putting our shoes on may become an issue. You don't want to be one of those seniors wearing velcro shoes or slip on loafers because you lack the range of motion to tie your shoes do you? I didn't think so! : )